Articles / Chapters

Institutions

Allodi, Federico and Kedward, Henry B. “The Evolution of the Mental Hospital in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 68 (May/June, 1977): 219-224.

Baird, G. “999 Queen: A Collective Failure of Imagination.” City Magazine 2,3,4 (1976): 34-59.

Baker, Melvin. “Henry Stuart Strubb and the Establishment of a Lunatic Asylum in St. John’s Newfoundland, 1836-1855.” Scientia Canadensis 8 (1984): 59-67.

Baker, Melvin. “Insanity and Politics: The Establishment of a Lunatic Asylum in St. John’s Newfoundland, 1836-1855.” The Newfoundland Quarterly 77:2/3 (1981): 27-31.

Baker, Melvin. “Henry Stuart Strubb and the Establishment of a Lunatic Asylum in St. John’s Newfoundland, 1836-1855.” Scientia Canadensis 8 (1984): 59-67.

Bartlett, Peter. “Structures of Confinement in Nineteenth-Century Asylums: A Comparative Study Using England and Ontario.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 23(2000): 1-13.

Baskett, Roger. “The Life of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall & Emerson, 1996: 97-154. 

Baumohl, Jim. “Inebriate Institutions in North America. 1840-1920.” In Cheryl Krasnick Warsh (ed.). Drink In Canada: Historical Essays. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1993: 92-114. 

Beaudet, Céline. Évolution de la psychiatrie anglophone au Québec: 1880-1963. Le cas de l’Hôpital de Verdun. Cahier de l’Institut supérieur des sciences humaines no.6, Université Laval, septembre 1976, 126 p.  

Bradbury, Bettina. “Elderly Inmates and Caregiving Sisters: Catholic Institutions for the Elderly in Nineteenth Century Montreal.” In Franca Iacovetta and Wendy Mitchinson (eds.). On the Case: Explorations in Social History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998: 129-155. 

Brown, Thomas E. “Dance of the Dialectic? Some reflections (Polemic and Otherwise) on the Present State of Nineteenth-Century Asylum Studies.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 11 (1994): 267-295. 

Brown, Thomas E. “Workman, Joseph.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume 12. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990: 112-1127. 

Brown, Thomas E. “The Origins of the Asylum in Upper Canada, 1830-1839: Towards an Interpretation.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 1 (1984): 27-58. 

Brown, Thomas E. “Architecture as Therapy.” Archivaria 10 (1980): 99-124. 

Buchan, H.E.B. “Hospital for the Insane, London, Ontario.” Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery 4:8 (August, 1898): 44-48.

Burgess, T.J.W. “Presidential Address – The Insane in Canada.” American Journal of Insanity 62 (July, 1905):1-36. 

Burgess, T.J.W. “Abstract of a Historical Sketch of Canadian Institutions for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 55 (1899): 667-711. 

Burgess, T.J.W. “A Historical Sketch of our Canadian Institutions for the Insane.” In the Royal Society of Canada Proceedings and Transactions. 2nd series, 4 (section 4, 1898): 3-117.

Caron, Roger. “Psychotreatment.” In Bonnie Burstow and Don Weitz (eds.). Shrink Resistant: The Struggle Against Psychiatry in Canada. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1988: 131-138. 

Carter-Edwards, Dennis. “The Brick Barracks at Fort Malden.” Research Bulletin, Parks Canada, 100 (1978): 1-34. 

Cellard, André et Dominique Nadon. “Ordre et désordre: Le Montreal Lunatic Asylum et la naissance de l’asile au Québec”, Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française 39:3 (hiver, 1986): 345-367.

Cellard, André et Marie-Claude Thifault. “The Uses of Asylums: Resistance, Asylum Propaganda, and Institutionalization Strategies in Turn-of-the-Century Quebec.” In James E. Moran and David Wright (eds.). Mental Health and Canadian Society: Historical Perspectives. Montréal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006.

Chunn, Dorothy E. and Robert Menzies. “Out of Mind, Out of Law: The Regulation of ‘Criminally Insane’ Women Inside British Columbia’s Public Mental Hospitals, 1888- 1973.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 10 (2), 1998: 306-337. 

Clarke, C.K. “The Care of the Insane in Canada.” American Journal of Insanity 50:3 (January, 1894): 381-385. 

Clarke, C.K. “The Story of the Toronto General Hospital Psychiatric Clinic.” Canadian Journal of Mental Hygiene 1 (1919): 1. 

Coates, Donald. “The Outpatient Department.” In Edward Shorter (ed). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 271-291. 

Connor, Patrick J. “‘Neither Courage nor Perseverance Enough’: Attendants at the Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, 1877-1905.” Ontario History 88:4 (December, 1996): 251-272. 

Craig, Barbara L. “A Guide to Historical Records in Hospitals in London, England and Ontario, Canada, c.1800-c.1950, Part 1: An Overview of the Continuities and Changes in the Content and Forms of Records.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 8:2 (1991): 263- 287.

Craig, Barbara L. “A Guide to Historical Records in Hospitals in London, England and Ontario Canada, c.1800-c.1950, Part 2: A Consolidated List of Records.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 9:1 (1992): 71-141.

Craig, Barbara L. “The Role of Records and of Record-keeping in the Development of the Modern Hospital in London, England, and Ontario, Canada, c.1890-c.1940.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 65 (1991): 376-397.B

Craig, Barbara L. “Hospital Records and Record-Keeping, c.1850-c.1950, Part I: The Development of Records in Hospitals.” Archivaria 29 (Winter, 1989-90): 57 -87.

Craig, Barbara L. “Hospital Records and Record-Keeping, c.1850-c.1950, Part II: The Development of Record-Keeping in Hospitals.” Archivaria 30 (Summer, 1990): 21-38.

Crawley, Dianne. “Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital Safeguards its History.” Ontario Historical Society Bulletin 47 (Winter, 1986): 3. 

Davies, Megan J. “The Women Beyond the Gates: Female Mental Health Patients in British Columbia, 1910-1935.” In Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, Women and Well-Being. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990: 53-64.

Davies, Megan J. “Snapshots: Three Women and Psychiatry, 1920-1935.” Canadian Woman Studies 8 (1987): 47-48. 

Davis, Lena A. “Nursing in the Hospitals for Insane.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane 7:3 (April, 1914): 197-203. 

de la Cour, Lykke. “‘She thinks this is the queen’s castle’: Women Patients’ Perceptions of an Ontario Psychiatric Hospital.” Health and Place 3:2 (1997): 131-141. 

Dendy, William. “The Provincial Lunatic Asylum.” In William Dendy (ed.). Lost Toronto. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993: 164-7.

Department of Public Health. The Hospitals of Ontario: A Short History. Toronto: Herbert H. Ball, King’s Printer, 1934. (See chapter on “Mental Hospitals,” pp. 235-275).

Desrosiers, René. De l’asile Saint-Benoît-Joseph-Labre au Centre d’accueil Pierre-Joseph- Triest, 1884-1984, Montréal, Éditions des Frères de la Charité, 1984, 77 p. 

Edginton, Barry. “The Design of Moral Architecture at The York Retreat.” Journal of Design History 16:2 (2003): 103-118. 

Edginton, Barry. “Moral Architecture: The Influence of the York Retreat on Asylum Design.” Health and Place 3:2 (1997): 91-99.

Edginton, Barry. “The Well-Ordered Body: The Quest for Sanity through Nineteenth-Century Asylum Architecture.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 11:2 (1994): 375-386.

Edginton, Barry. “Moral treatment to monolith: The Institutional treatment of the insane in Manitoba, 1871-1919.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 5 (1988): 167-188.

 (Editorial) “Notification of Insanity, and Voluntary Patients in Hospitals for the Insane.” Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery 26:3 (September, 1909): 197-199.

 (Editorial) “Admission of Patients to Hospitals for the Insane.” Bulletin of the Toronto Hospital for the Insane 1:3 (October, 1907): 13-14. 

Ferguson, Gerry. “Control of the Insane in British Columbia, 1849-78: Care, Cure, or Confinement?” In John McLaren, Robert Menzies and Dorothy E. Chunn (eds.). Regulating Lives: Historical Essays on the State, Society, the Individual and the Law. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2002. 

 “Female Nurses in Male Wards of Mental Hospitals.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane 9:3 (April, 1916): 81-86. 

Firsten, Temi. “Violence in the Lives of Women on Psych Wards.” Canadian Woman Studies 11:4 (Summer, 1991): 45-48. 

Forster, J.M. “The Origin and Development of Nursing in the Ontario Hospitals and the Outlook.” Ontario Journal of Neuropsychiatry 3 (1923): 31-33.

Forster, J M. “Reception Hospitals for Cases of Mental Diseases.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane 7:3 (April, 1914): 168-179.

Forster, J M. “The Reception Hospital-Hospital for the Acutely Insane.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane 8:3 (April, 1915): 109-113.

Francis, Daniel F. “The Development of the Lunatic Asylum in the Maritime Provinces.” Acadiensis 6 (1997). 

Gamester, S.J. “John M. Sutherland, Chief Attendant: A History of the Ontario Hospital, New Toronto.” The Target (February, 1961). 

G., L.C. (Patient at Hospital for the Insane, Brockville, Ontario). “Eastertide.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane, 6:3 (April, 1913): 177-178. 

Goldman, David L. “The 40 Year Evolution of the First Modern Day Hospital.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34:1 (February, 1989): 18-19.

Goldman, David L. and Avranitakis, K.D. “D. Ewen Cameron’s Day Hospital and the Day Hospital Movement.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 26 (1981): 365-368.

Gorrie, Margaret L. “Nursing.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 193-217.

Greenland, Cyril. “Origins of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall & Emerson, 1996: 19-58.

Greenland, Cyril. “The Compleat Psychiatrist: Dr. R.M. Bucke’s Twenty-Five Years as Medical Superintendent, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario, 1877-1902.” Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 17 (1972): 71-77.

Griffin, J.D. and Cyril Greenland. “The Asylum at Lower Fort Gary.” The Beaver (Spring, 1980): 18-23.

Griffin, J.D. and Cyril Greenland. “Institutional Care of the Mentally Disordered in Canada: A 17th Century Record.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 26 (1981): 274-278.

Hendrie, H.C. and J. Varsamis. “The Winnipeg Psychopathic Hospital, 1919-1969: An Experiment in Community Psychiatry.” Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 16:2 (April, 1971): 185-186. 

Herman, Nancy J. and C.M. Smith. “Mental Hospital Depopulation in Canada: Patient Perspectives.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34:5 (June, 1989): 386-392. 

Keating, Peter. La science du mal: l’institution de la psychiatrie au Québec 1800-1914, Boréal, 1993, 208 p.

Keefe, Peter. “Recollections of a Patient at TPH: Snakepit.” In Edward Shorter (ed). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 171-182.

Kelm, Mary-Ellen. “A Life Apart: The Experience of Women and the Asylum Practice of Charles Doherty at British Columbia’s Provincial Hospital for the Insane, 1905-1915.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 11 (1994): 335-355.

Kelm, Mary-Ellen. “Women, Families, and the Provincial Hospital for the Insane, British Columbia, 1905-1915.” Journal of Family History 19:2 (1994): 177-194. 

Kelm, Mary-Ellen. “Bentley, Richard Irvine.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume 13. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994: 62-63. 

Kelm, Mary-Ellen. “‘The only place likely to do her any good’: The Admission of Women to British Columbia’s Provincial Hospital for the Insane.” BC Studies 96 (1992/3): 66-89.

Kelm, Mary-Ellen. “Ross, Flora Amelia (Hubbs).” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume 12. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990: 929-930.

Kendall, Kathleen A. “Beyond Grace: Criminal Lunatic Women in Victorian Canada.” Canadian Women Studies 19 (1999): 110-115.

Kingstone, Edward. “General Hospital Psychiatry” .In Quentin Rae-Grant (ed.). Images in Psychiatry: Canada. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1996: 21-28. 

Krasnick (Warsh), Cheryl L. “The Aristocratic Vice: The Medical Treatment of Drug Addiction at the Homewood Retreat, 1883-1900.” Ontario History 64:4 (1983): 403-427.

Krasnick (Warsh), Cheryl L. “In Charge of the Loons: A Portrait of the London, Ontario Asylum for the Insane in the Nineteenth Century.” Ontario History 74:3 (September, 1982): 138- 184.

Lavell, Alfred E. “The Beginning of Ontario Mental Hospitals.” Queen’s Quarterly 49 (1942): 59-67.

Lynch, D.O. “A Century of Psychiatric Teaching at Rockwood Hospital, Kingston.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 70 (1954): 283-287.

MacCallum, G.A. “History of the Hospital for the Insane (formerly the Military and Naval Depot), Penetanguishene, Ontario.” Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records 12 (1914): 121-127. 

Malleck, Daniel. “‘A state bordering on insanity?’: Identifying Drug Addiction in Nineteenth- Century Canadian Asylums.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 16 (1999): 247-269.

Martin, Charles-André. Le premier demi-siècle de la psychiatrie à Québec: de l’Asile provisoire de Beauport à l’Hôpital Saint-Michel-Archange, Beauport, Centre Hospitalier Robert- Giffard, 1983, 24 p.

Matas, J. “The Story of Psychiatry in Manitoba.” Manitoba Medical Review 41 (1961): 360-364.

McKendry, Jennifer. “An Ideal Hospital for the Insane? Rockwood Lunatic Asylum, Kingston, Ontario.” Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada 18 (1993): 4-17.

Mercier, Celine, Claude Renaud, and Suzanne King. “A Thirty-Year Retrospective Study of Hospitalization Among Severely Mentally III Patients.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39:2 (March, 1994): 95-102. 

Migneault, Pierre. “La révolution tranquille et la révolution psychiatrique au Québec”, Revue Réseau, numéro spécial 1, 1978, publié par le Centre Hospitalier Robert-Giffard. 

Mills, Elizabeth. “The Prevention of Noise in Hospitals for the Insane.” Bulletin of the Ontario Hospitals for the Insane 7:4 (July, 1914): 250-255.

Miron, Janet. “‘Open to the Public’: Touring Ontario Asylums in the Nineteenth Century.” In James E. Moran and David Wright (eds.). Mental Health and Canadian Society: Historical Perspectives. Montréal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. 

Mitchinson, Wendy. “The Toronto and Gladesville Asylums: Humane Alternatives for the Insane in Canada and Australia?” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 63:1 (Spring, 1989): 52-72.

Mitchinson, Wendy. “R.M. Bucke: A Victorian Asylum Superintendent.” Ontario History 63:4 (1981): 239-254.

Mitchinson, Wendy. “Reasons for Committal to a Mid-Nineteenth Century Ontario Insane Asylum: The Case of Toronto.” In Wendy Mitchinson and Janice Dickin McGinnis (eds.). Essays in the History of Canadian Medicine. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1988.

Montigny, Edgar-André. ‘‘‘Foisted Upon the Government’: Institutions and the Impact of Public Policy upon the Aged. The Elderly Patients of Rockwood Asylum, 1866-1906.” Journal of Social History 28:4 (Summer, 1995): 819-836.

Moran, James E. “The Ethics of Farming-Out: Ideology, the State and the Asylum in Nineteenth- Century Quebec.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 15 (1998): 297-316.

Moran, James E. “Keepers of the Insane: The Role of Attendants at the Toronto Provincial Asylum, 1875-1905.” Histoire sociale/Social History 28:55 (May, 1995): 51-75.

Muller, Claire A. (Madrid). “Memories of a Nurse.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 19251966. Toronto: Wall & Emerson, 1996: 187-192.

Mundie, Gordon S. “The Need of Psychopathic Hospitals in Canada.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 10 (1920): 537-542.

Paradis, André. “Thomas J.W. Burgess et l’administration du Verdun Protestant Hospital for the Insane (1890-1916).” Bulletin canadien d’histoire de la medicine 14:1 (1997): 5-35.

No author, “Committee Which Visited European Asylums Returns Home.” Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery 22:4 (October, 1907): 272.

Normandin, Sebastian. “Eugenics, McGill and the Catholic Church in Montreal and Quebec: 1890-1942.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 15:1 (1998): 59-86.

Park, Deborah C. and John P. Radford. “Space, Place and the Asylum: An Introduction.” Health and Place 3:2 (June, 1997): 71-72.

Philo, Chris. “Across the Water: Reviewing Geographical Studies of Asylums and other Mental Health Facilities.” Health and Place 3:3 (June, 1997): 73-90.  

Pos, Robert. “The Old and the New at the Queen Street Mental Health Centre.” In A.J. Diamond and Partners, Howard Building Renovation Feasibility Study. Toronto: A.J. Diamond and Partners, 1975: 17-21. 

Pratten, John S. “Early History of the Rockwood Hospital.” Historic Kingston 17 (January, 1969): 50-68.

Radford, John and Deborah C. Park “‘A Convenient Means of Riddance’: Institutionalization of People Diagnosed as ‘Mentally Deficient’ in Ontario, 1876-1934.” Health and Canadian Society 1:2 (1993): 369-392.

Radford, John and Deborah C. Park. “The Asylum as Place: An Historical Geography of the Huronia Regional Centre.” In James R. Gibson (ed.). Canada: Geographical Interpretations, Essays in Honour of John Warkentin. Toronto: York University, Geographical Monographs, 22 (1993): 103-130.

Raible, Chris. “999 Queen Street West: The Toronto Asylum Scandal.” The Beaver 74:1 (February-March, 1994): 37-43.

Reaume, Geoffrey. “Psychiatric Patient Advocacy Groups, Institutions and a Medical Archives Bibliography.” In Enhancing Communication and Community: A Proactive Healthcare Archives Assistance Policy. Toronto: Hannah Institute for the History of Medicine, 1994: 16-20.

Reaume, Geoffrey. “Patients at Work: Insane Asylum Inmate Labour in Ontario, 1841-1900.” In James E. Moran and David Wright (eds.). Mental Health and Canadian Society: Historical Perspectives. Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006.

Roberts, Charles A. “Farewell to TPH.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 316- 320.

Rosen, Edward J. “The Chidren’s Service.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 292-295.

Ryan, Edward, et al. “Rockwood Hospital Number.” Bulletin of the Toronto Hospital for the Insane 1:3 (October, 1907): 3-12.

Scott, W. Clifford M. “Experiences of a Student Intern at TPH.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 183-186.

Séguin, Normand, L’institution médicale, Sainte-Foy: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 1998, 191 p.

Shea, Janet. A Short History of the Ontario Hospital School, Orillia, 1875-1970. Unpublished Manuscript, 1970.

Skelton, Mora. “Social Work.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 239-258.

Skelton, Mora. “The Mental Retardation Clinic.” In Edward Shorter (ed.). TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925-1966. Toronto: Wall and Emerson, 1996: 296-303.

Smandych, Russell C. “The Rise of the Asylum in Upper Canada: An Application of Scull’s ‘Marco-Sociological’ Perspective.” Canadian Criminology Forum 4 (1982): 142-148.

Smandych, Russell C. and Simon N. Verdun-Jones. “The Emergence of the Asylum in 19th Century Ontario: A Study in the History of Segregative Control.” in Neil Boyd (ed.). The Social Dimensions of Law. Scarborough ON: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

Smith, Dorothy E. “The Statistics on Mental Illness: (What They Will Not Tell Us About Women and Why).” In Dorothy E. Smith and Sara J. David (eds.). Women Look at Psychiatry. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers, 1975: 73-119.

Stafford, Ezra H. (E.H.S.). “Toronto Insane Asylum.” Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery 3:3 (March, 1898): 164-166.

Stewart, Stormie. “The Elderly Poor in Rural Ontario: Inmates of the Wellington County House of Industry, 1877-1907.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 3 (Charlottetown, 1993): 217-234.

Stokes, Aldwyn B. “The Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1926-1966.” Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 12 (1967): 521-523.

Struthers, James. ‘“A Nice Homelike Atmosphere’: State Alternatives to Family Care for the Aged in Post-World War II Ontario.” In Lori Chambers and Edgar-André Montigny (eds.). Family Matters: Papers in Post-Confederation Canadian Family History. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 1998: 335-351.

Struthers, James. “Reluctant Partners: State Regulation of Private Nursing Homes In Ontario, 1941-72.” In Raymond B. Blake, Penny E. Bryden and J. Frank Strain (eds.). The Welfare State in Canada: Past, Present, and Future. Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 1996: 171-192.

Sussman, Sam. “The First Asylums in Canada: A Response to Neglectful Community Care and Current Trends.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43:3 (1998): 260-264. 

 “Visit to Asylum Highlighted First CMA Meeting in Quebec City.” (no author) Canadian Medical Association Journal 141:8 (October 15, 1989): 828.

Voineskos, George. “Locked Wards in Canadian Mental Hospitals: The Return to Custodialism.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 114:8 (April 17, 1976): 689-691, 694. 

Wallot, Hubert A. “A View on the Socio-Political History of Psychiatric Care in French Canada with Particular Reference to Quebec Asylums.” Social Science and Medicine 14A:6 (December, 1980): 485-494.

Warsh, C. Krasnick. “The First Mrs. Rochester: Wrongful Confinement, Social Redundancy and Commitment to a Private Asylum, 1880-1910.” Canadian Historical Association Historical Papers 23:1 (1988): 145-167.

Warsh, C. Krasnick. “In Charge of the Loons: A Portrait of the London, Ontario Asylum for the Insane in the Nineteenth Century.” Ontario History 74:3 (1982): 239-254.

Workman, Joseph. “Asylum Management.” American Journal of Insanity 38:1 (July, 1881): 1- 15.

Wright, David, James Moran and Sean Gouglas. “The Confinement of the Insane in Victorian Canada: The Hamilton and Toronto Asylums, c. 1861-1891.” In Roy Porter and David Wright (eds.). The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800-1965. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 100-128.